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This article systematically presents the key selection criteria for metal bellows mechanical seals, analyzing them from multiple dimensions, including medium characteristics, operating conditions, material compatibility, structural optimization, and installation and maintenance, with particular consideration given to corrosive media, high-temperature and high-pressure environments, and particle impact conditions.

Mechanical seal failure can result from improper design selection, material incompatibility, manufacturing defects, installation errors, and abnormal operating conditions. Key issues include lubrication failure, particle contamination, vibration, and chemical erosion.

This comparison shows that tandem mechanical seals involve higher system complexity, operating consumption, and maintenance workload, often resulting in oil contamination and poorer on-site conditions. In contrast, dry gas seals provide lower overall consumption, simpler operation, cleaner environments, and high safety and reliability, making them a more efficient and environmentally friendly sealing solution.

Dry gas seals use pressurized nitrogen to isolate hazardous media and prevent leakage to the atmosphere, offering high safety, environmental protection, low power consumption, and long service life. In contrast, oil-lubricated mechanical seals require more complex auxiliary systems and maintenance, have shorter service life, and may cause minor environmental contamination from sealing oil leakage.

A mechanical seal mainly consists of one or several pairs of rotating rings and stationary rings, which together form a pair of friction surfaces.Through elastic components, such as springs or bellows, together with the pressure of the sealing fluid, an appropriate closing force is generated between the contact surfaces (seal faces) of the rotating ring and the stationary ring. This force allows the two seal faces to remain in close contact with each other.

Honeycomb seal technology is an advanced sealing solution originally developed by the aerospace industry for high-temperature and high-pressure-differential operating conditions.

Carbon ring seals shall undergo both static tests and dynamic tests. After completion of the sealing tests, the seal components must be inspected.